brmlab kb

ARM Powered Guide

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2012-10-30T16:27:17+00:00

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	+	====== ARM Powered Guide ======

	+	Gather information and document various (advanced) ARM-based development platforms.
	+
	+	~~CL~~
	+
	+	===== Comparison Table =====
	+
	+	{{ :project:armpowered.png?160}}
	+
	+	^ - ^ BeagleBone ^ BeagleBoard\\ (orig/xM) ^ PandaBoard\\ (orig/ES) ^ Raspberry Pi\\ (model A/B) ^ CubieBoard ^ A13-OLinuXino ^
	+	^ CPU (platform) \| ARM Cortex-A8 \| ARM Cortex-A8 \| ARM Cortex-A8 \| ARM1176JZF-S \| ARM Cortex-A8 \| ARM Cortex-A8 \|
	+	^ CPU (model) \| TI AM335x \| OMAP3530 \| OMAP4430 (orig)\\ OMAP4460 (ES) \| BCM2835 \| Allwinner A10 \| Allwinner A13 \|
	+	^ CPU (MHz) \| 500 (on USB)\\ 720 (adapter) \| 600 (orig)\\ 1000 (xM) \| 1000 (orig)\\ 1200 (ES) \| 700\\ 1000 (clocked) \| 1000 \| 1000 \|
	+	^ Graphics \| - \| PowerVR SGX \| PowerVR SGX540 \| Broadcom VideoCore IV \| Mali 400 \| Mali 400 \|
	+	^ RAM (MB) \| 256 \| 512 \| 1024 \| 256/512 \| 1024 \| 512 \|
	+	^ Ethernet \| yes \| yes \| yes \| no (A)\\ yes (B) \| yes \| no \|
	+	^ Audio out \| no \| jack \| jack, HDMI \| jack, HDMI \| jack, HDMI \| jack \|
	+	^ Audio in \| no \| jack \| jack \| no \| jack \| jack \|
	+	^ Video \| no \| S-Video, HDMI \| HDMI \| RCA, HDMI \| HDMI \| VGA \|
	+	^ USB \| yes \| yes \| yes \| yes \| yes \| yes \|
	+	^ SD card \| microSD \| microSD \| SD \| SD \| microSD \| microSD \|
	+	^ Flash \| no \| no \| no \| no \| 4 GB \| no \|
	+	^ SATA \| no \| no \| no \| no \| yes \| no \|
	+	^ Wireless \| no \| no \| yes \| no \| no \| optional \|
	+	^ Bluetooth \| no \| no \| yes \| no \| no \| no \|
	+	^ ADC \| 7 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| yes \| ? \|
	+	^ CAN \| 2 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| ? \| ? \|
	+	^ GPIO \| 66 \| ? \| ? \| 8 \| 96 \| 20+4 \|
	+	^ I2C \| 2 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| yes \| 3 \|
	+	^ PWM \| 8 \| ? \| ? \| 0 \| ? \| ? \|
	+	^ SPI \| 2 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| yes \| ? \|
	+	^ UART \| 5 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| yes \| 2 \|
	+	^ Price ($) \| 89 \| 149 \| 179 \| 25 (A)\\ 35 (B) \| 49 \| 59 \|
	+	===== Cubieboard =====
	+
	+	* [[http://cubieboard.org/]]
	+	* [[http://linux-sunxi.org/Cubieboard]]
	+
	+	{{:kb:cubieboard.jpg?600}}
	+
	+	===== Raspberry Pi =====
	+
	+	* [[http://raspberrypi.org]]
	+
	+	{{:project:rpi-scheme.png}} {{:project:gpios.png}}
	+
	+	{{:project:raspberry_pi.jpg?600}}
	+
	+	===== Beaglebone =====
	+
	+	* [[http://beagleboard.org/bone]]
	+
	+	{{:project:beaglebone_block.jpg?600}}
	+
	+	{{:project:beaglebonep8.png?300}} {{:project:beaglebonep9.png?300}}
	+
	+	===== Beagleboard / Pandaboard =====
	+
	+	* [[http://beagleboard.org/]]
	+	* [[http://pandaboard.org/]]
	+
	+	{{:project:beagleboard_schematic.png?600}}
	+
	+	{{:project:4460_panda.png?600}}
	+
	+	{{:project:pandaboard4460_block_diagram.jpg?600}}
	+
	+	^ PIN ^ Beagleboard ^ Pandaboard ^
	+	^ 1 \| 1V8 \| 1V8 \|
	+	^ 2 \| 5V \| 5V \|
	+	^ 3 \| MMC2_DAT7 \| MMC2_DAT7 \|
	+	^ 4 \| MCBSP3_DX \| MCSPI1_CS3 \|
	+	^ 5 \| MMC2_DAT6 \| MMC2_DAT6 \|
	+	^ 6 \| UART2_TX \| UART4_TX \|
	+	^ 7 \| MMC2_DAT5 \| MMC2_DAT5 \|
	+	^ 8 \| UART2_RX \| UART4_RX \|
	+	^ 9 \| MMC2_DAT4 \| MMC2_DAT4 \|
	+	^ 10 \| MCBSP3_DR \| MCSPI1_CS1 \|
	+	^ 11 \| MMC2_DAT3 \| MMC2_DAT3 \|
	+	^ 12 \| MCSPI4_SIMO \| MCSPI1_SIMO \|
	+	^ 13 \| MMC2_DAT2 \| MMC2_DAT2 \|
	+	^ 14 \| MCBSP1_CLKX \| MCSPI1_CS2 \|
	+	^ 15 \| MMC2_DAT1 \| MMC2_DAT1 \|
	+	^ 16 \| MCSPI4_CS0 \| MCSPI1_CS0 \|
	+	^ 17 \| MMC2_DAT0 \| MMC2_DAT0 \|
	+	^ 18 \| MCSPI4_SOMI \| MCSPI1_SOMI \|
	+	^ 19 \| MMC2_CMD \| MMC2_CMD \|
	+	^ 20 \| MCSPI4_SCLK \| MCSPI1_SCLK \|
	+	^ 21 \| MMC2_CLK0 \| MMC2_CLK0 \|
	+	^ 22 \| MCBSP1_FSR \| GPMC_AD15 \|
	+	^ 23 \| I2C2_SDA \| I2C4_SDA \|
	+	^ 24 \| I2C2_SCL \| I2C4_SCL \|
	+	^ 25 \| REGEN \| REGEN \|
	+	^ 26 \| nRESET \| nRESET \|
	+	^ 27 \| GND \| GND \|
	+	^ 28 \| GND \| GND \|
	+
	+	===== A13-OLinuXino =====
	+
	+	* http://linux-sunxi.org/A13-OLinuXino
	+	* https://www.olimex.com/Products/OLinuXino/A13/A13-OLinuXino/
	+
	+	{{:kb:a13-olinuxino-rev-a-front.jpg?600}}
	+
	+	{{:kb:a13-olinuxino-brd.png?600}}
	+
	+	===== A10-OLinuXino =====
	+
	+	* http://linux-sunxi.org/A10-OLinuXino
	+	* https://www.olimex.com/Products/OLinuXino/A13/A13-OLinuXino/
	+
	+	{{:kb:a10-olinuxino-brd.png?600}}

Daemonize program into screen

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2012-09-14T22:38:30+00:00

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	+	====== Daemonize program into screen ======
	+
	+	Aim is to have program running inside screen restored on each machine reboot.
	+
	+	<file bash /etc/init.d/ctf>
	+	#! /bin/sh
	+	### BEGIN INIT INFO
	+	# Provides: ctf
	+	# Required-Start: $local_fs $all
	+	# Required-Stop:
	+	# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
	+	# Default-Stop:
	+	# Short-Description: Start warzone virtual
	+	# Description: start warzone virtual
	+	### END INIT INFO
	+
	+	NAME=ctf
	+	PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
	+
	+	case "$1" in
	+	start)
	+	logger poustim warzone rc skript
	+	start-stop-daemon --start -v -b --pidfile $PIDFILE -x /bin/su \
	+	-m --chdir /home/ctf -- - ctf \
	+	-c "/usr/bin/screen -L -dmS ctf -c /home/ctf/.screenrc-ctf" \
	+	\|\| return 2
	+
	+	;;
	+	stop\|restart\|force-reload)
	+	# No-op
	+	;;
	+	status)
	+	# No-op
	+	;;
	+	*)
	+	echo "Usage: $NAME {start\|stop\|restart\|force-reload}" >&2
	+	exit 3
	+	;;
	+	esac
	+	</file>
	+
	+	<code bash>
	+	update-rc.d ctf defaults
	+	update-rc.d ctf enable
	+	</code>
	+
	+	<file bash /home/ctf/.screenrc-ctf>
	+	autodetach on
	+	startup_message off
	+
	+	screen -t ctf 0 sh -c 'cd /home/ctf; ./run2'
	+	</file>
	+

FreeIPA

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2014-10-01T09:56:04+00:00

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	+	====== FreeIPA ======
	+
	+	FreeIPA je riešenie od RedHatu pre centralizovanú správu užívateľov. Dokáže nastaviť, ktorí užívatelia môžu pristupovať ku ktorým počítačom. Zároveň umožňuje centrálne spravovať oprávnenia sudo a tiež ssh kľúče.
	+
	+	Náš server má adresu ipa.brm (Mac: 52:54:00:16:26:30). Ide o virtuálny stroj na data.brm.
	+
	+	===== Ako nastaviť klienta, Debian =====
	+	Chceme brmlabí počítač nastaviť ako klienta pre FreeIPA. Nech je to počítač, ktorého hostname je client.brm.
	+	Nainštalujeme balíček sssd/unstable, openssh-server (6.2, testingu) a sudo-ldap.
	+
	+	Na ipa.brm sa prihlásime a získame ticket pre admina (''kinit admin'').
	+	Povieme serveru, že bude mať nového klienta:
	+	ipa host-add client.brm
	+	Dokumentácia hovorí použiť ''ipa host-add --force --ip-address=192.168.xx.xx client.brm'', vyzerá, že to nie je potrebné, ale môžeme použiť.
	+
	+	Povieme serveru, že ho má //manažovať//:
	+	ipa host-add-managedby --hosts=ipa.brm client.brm
	+
	+	Vezmeme si zo serveru //keytab// pre klienta:
	+	ipa-getkeytab -s ipa.brm -p host/client.brm -k client.keytab
	+
	+	Zo servera si vezmeme vzniknutý súbor client.keytab a súbor ''/etc/ipa/ca.crt'' a presunieme sa na klienta.
	+
	+	Na klientskej stanici umiestnime ''ca.crt'' do adresára ''/etc/ipa/'' (tak, ako bol na serveri) a súbor ''client.keytab'' uložíme ako ''/etc/krb5.keytab''. Ak nemá, nastavíme mu práva na 0600 (a podľa dokumentácie ešte správny SElinuxový kontext, ale to na Debiane zvyčajne nie je).
	+
	+	Vytvoríme súbor ''/etc/sssd/sssd.conf'' s nasledovným obsahom (rovnaký ako na iných strojoch, mení sa iba riadok s ''ipa_hostname'')
	+
	+	[sssd]
	+	config_file_version = 2
	+	services = nss, pam, ssh, sudo
	+	debug_level = 0x00FF
	+
	+	domains = brm
	+	[nss]
	+
	+	[pam]
	+
	+	[domain/brm]
	+	cache_credentials = True
	+	krb5_store_password_if_offline = True
	+	ipa_domain = brm
	+	dns_discovery_domain = brm
	+	id_provider = ipa
	+	auth_provider = ipa
	+	access_provider = ipa
	+	ipa_hostname = client.brm
	+	chpass_provider = ipa
	+	ipa_server = ipa.brm
	+	ldap_tls_cacert = /etc/ipa/ca.crt
	+
	+	Balíček ''sssd'' by pri svojej inštalácii mal pridať príslušné položky do súborov v ''/etc/pam.d'' Skontrolujeme, či tam fakt sú:
	+
	+	root@client:/etc/pam.d# grep sss *
	+	common-account:account [default=bad success=ok user_unknown=ignore] pam_sss.so
	+	common-auth:auth [success=1 default=ignore] pam_sss.so use_first_pass
	+	common-password:password sufficient pam_sss.so use_authtok
	+	common-session:session optional pam_sss.so
	+
	+	Na koniec ''/etc/pam.d/common-session'' pridáme ešte
	+	session optional pam_mkhomedir.so skel=/etc/skel/ umask=0022
	+
	+	Dokumentácia hovorí, že je vhodnejšie použiť ''pam_oddjob_mkhomedir'', ale ten nevyzerá, že by v Debiane bol.
	+
	+	Nastavíme v ''/etc/nsswitch.conf'' použitie ''sss'' a ''ldap'' pre ''sudo'' (u ''sudo'' má byť ''ldap'', ''sss'' asi nemusí/nemá?)
	+
	+	passwd: compat sss
	+	group: compat sss
	+	shadow: compat sss
	+
	+	hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4
	+	networks: files
	+
	+	protocols: db files
	+	services: db files
	+	ethers: db files
	+	rpc: db files
	+
	+	netgroup: nis sss
	+	sudoers: files ldap sss
	+
	+	Upravíme súbor ''/etc/krb5.conf'':
	+	[logging]
	+	default = FILE:/var/log/krb5libs.log
	+	kdc = FILE:/var/log/krb5kdc.log
	+	admin_server = FILE:/var/log/kadmind.log
	+	[libdefaults]
	+	default_realm = BRM
	+	dns_lookup_realm = false
	+	dns_lookup_kdc = true
	+	rdns = false
	+	ticket_lifetime = 24h
	+	forwardable = yes
	+	[realms]
	+	BRM = {
	+	kdc = ipa.brm:88
	+	master_kdc = ipa.brm:88
	+	admin_server = ipa.brm:749
	+	default_domain = brm
	+	pkinit_anchors = FILE:/etc/ipa/ca.crt
	+	}
	+
	+	[domain_realm]
	+	.brm = BRM
	+	brm = BRM
	+
	+	Nastavíme ''sudo'' v súbore ''/etc/sudo-ldap.conf'' (pričom za HESLO dosadíme heslo, ktoré zistíme napríklad z konfiguráku od už nastaveného klienta):
	+	binddn uid=sudo,cn=sysaccounts,cn=etc,dc=brm
	+	bindpw HESLO
	+
	+	ssl start_tls
	+	tls_cacertfile /etc/ipa/ca.crt
	+	tls_checkpeer yes
	+
	+	bind_timelimit 5
	+	timelimit 15
	+
	+	uri ldap://ipa.brm
	+	sudoers_base ou=SUDOers,dc=brm
	+
	+	Sudo potrebuje nastavené //nisdomainname//, tak nastavíme (v Debiane snáď príkazom ''nisdomainname'' (čo vyzerá, že neprežije reštart, takže to zapíšeme do ''/etc/defaultdomain'').
	+	nisdomainname brm
	+
	+	Nastavíme v ''sshd_config''u:
	+	PubkeyAuthentication yes
	+	UsePAM yes
	+	AuthorizedKeysCommand /usr/bin/sss_ssh_authorizedkeys
	+	AuthorizedKeysCommandUser nobody
	+	GSSAPIAuthentication yes
	+
	+	To by malo byť všetko. Ak chceme, môžeme ešte nastaviť v ''sshd_config'' ďalšie veci (napríklad zakázať heslo, ak chceme iba kľúče z FreeIPA, tak ''AuthorizedKeysFile /dev/null'', ak sa nebojíme, prípadne nastavíme ''AuthorizedKeysFile'' len na kľúče v /root/.ssh/authorized_keys, fantázií sa medze nekladú)
	+
	+	FreeIPA vie aj rozdistribuovávať ''known_hosts'', to zatiaľ nemám preskúšané.
	+
	+	Ešte resetujeme na klientovi ''sssd'' a ''sshd'' (''service sssd restart'' a ''service ssh restart'') a otestujeme, že ''sss_ssh_authorizedkeys //username//'' nám vracia správne kľúče. Tým sme na klientovi hotoví.
	+
	+	Prihlásime sa do https://ipa.brm ako ''admin'' a nastavíme skupiny pre nového hosta a to, čo potrebujeme.

MCU selection guide

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2016-11-25T07:42:14+00:00

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	+	====== MCU selection guide ======

	+	A brief overview of MCU manufacturers and their products.
	+
	+	===== Atmel =====
	+
	+	* 8-bit tinyAVR, megaAVR
	+	* 16-bit XMEGA
	+	* 32-bit AVR UC3, ARM
	+	* Most common among hobbyists
	+	* Programming tools are easily available
	+	* Well supported in Linux - [[http://www.nongnu.org/avr-libc/\|AVR libc]], [[http://arduino.cc/\|Arduino]]
	+	* Dev boards:
	+	* [[http://arduino.cc/\|Arduino]]
	+	* Arduino Duemilanove: USD30; The most common board ever! Features ATMega 168/328 (1k RAM, 512 EEPROM, 16k program flash) with 6x 10-bit A/D, 6x PWM, and bunch of other digital GPIO pins. User-friendly IDE. We have a couple of these, and some basic expertise ([[user:pasky]]).
	+	* Arduino Mega: USD40; Very similar, but bigger memory and many more pins. [[user:axtheb]].
	+	* Arduino Uno: ?; New iteration of Duemilanove, no experience yet FIXME
	+	* [[http://www.atmel.com/tools/AVRBUTTERFLY.aspx\|AVR Butterfly]]
	+	* [[project:elbow:start]]: Custom ARM board, [[user:b00lean]].
	+	* Other resources: [[http://www.avrfreaks.net/\|AVR Freaks]]
	+
	+
	+	===== BeagleBoard =====
	+	* ARM Cortex
	+	* Expensive and with many features.
	+	* Already more like a stripped-down netbook w/o display.
	+	* FIXME
	+
	+
	+	===== Freescale =====
	+
	+	* 8-bit S08
	+	* 16-bit S12
	+	* 32-bit Qorivva (Power arch), Kinetis (ARM), ColdFire
	+	* Widely used in industrial applications
	+	* Mostly expensive dev boards, although there are some exceptions
	+	* [[http://www.element14.com/community/docs/DOC-46626/l/element14-exclusive-freescale-kinetis-l-based-kl25z-freedom-development-board\|Freedom KL25Z - Cheap Kinetis L-based board, pin compatible with Arduino]]
	+
	+
	+	===== LeafLabs Maple =====
	+	* ARM Cortex, many pins...
	+	* USD50
	+	* FIXME no experience yet
	+
	+
	+	===== Microchip =====
	+
	+	FIXME
	+	* Dev boards:
	+	* ASIX PVK40 - Microchip PIC16Fxxx (84, 877, 887) - PIC16F887 - contains almost everything except ethernet and USB. [[user:blackhead]] [[http://blackhead.cz/hackerspace/equipment.html/]]
	+
	+
	+	===== NXP Semiconductors =====
	+
	+	* 32-bit ARM Cortex-M{0,3,4}, ARM7 , ARM9
	+	* Good support in Linux
	+	* Dev boards:
	+	* [[http://ics.nxp.com/lpcxpresso/\|LPC Xpresso]]
	+	* [[http://mbed.org\|mbed]] - overpriced prototyping board based on NXP LPC1768 ARM Cortex M3 with an onboard ethernet controller and online IDE
	+
	+
	+	===== Parallax =====
	+
	+	* Propeller architecture is suitable for tasks, where parallel processing is desirable (e.g. video generation)
	+	* Dev boards: [[http://www.parallax.com/Store/Microcontrollers/PropellerDevelopmentBoards/tabid/514/CategoryID/73/List/0/SortField/0/catpageindex/2/Level/a/ProductID/509/Default.aspx\| Propeller Proto Board USB]], [[http://www.parallax.com/Store/Microcontrollers/PropellerDevelopmentBoards/tabid/514/CategoryID/73/List/0/SortField/0/catpageindex/1/Level/a/ProductID/748/Default.aspx\|P8X32A QuickStart]]
	+	* Well supported in Linux - [[http://hackaday.com/2012/06/20/parallax-shows-love-for-open-source-gcc-propeller/]]
	+
	+
	+	===== STMicroelectronics =====
	+
	+	* Cheap dev boards: [[http://www.st.com/internet/evalboard/product/253215.jsp?WT.ac=fp_may12_stm32f0discovery\|STM32 Discovery]]
	+	* FIXME
	+
	+
	+	===== Texas Instruments =====
	+
	+	* 16-bit MSP430
	+	* 32-bit Stellaris (ARM Cortex-M), Sitara (ARM Cortex-A), Hercules (ARM Cortex, safety critical applications)
	+	* Mediocre Linux support
	+	* Dev boards:
	+	* [[http://e2e.ti.com/group/msp430launchpad/w/default.aspx\|TI Launchpad]] ($4.30 including shipping)
	+	* low-power,low-consumption,low-cost uP
	+	* flash emulator on daughterboard [[http://processors.wiki.ti.com/index.php/MSP430_LaunchPad_%28MSP-EXP430G2%29]]
	+	* Wiring library (Arduino code) support at [[https://github.com/energia/Energia]] ([[user:pasky]])
	+	* Linux support exists, but [[http://log.or.cz/?p=265\|fragile serial communication]]
	+	* [[http://www.ti.com/tool/ek-evalbot\|Evalbot]]

Perl + UTF-8

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2012-08-29T01:35:35+00:00

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	+	====== Perl + UTF-8 ======

	+	Slowly growing guide to Perl code that handles UTF8-encoded text data cleanly.
	+
	+	Why is it not trivial: Even if you are sure you never deal with legacy encodings, you have to consider code dealing with binary data as well. Read/written to files, transferred over sockets... And it may not be code in your script but in third-party modules you downloaded from CPAN that were last touched in 2001.
	+
	+	===== Passing Unicode data well =====
	+
	+	Assuming no work (regex matching, sorting, case changes) is done on the data, it should just be regarded and stored as UTF8 text with no spurious recoding - this is still important on its own, as your data will likely get corrupted e.g. when taken from file or CGI parameters and stored in SQL database (and vice versa), they might get double-encoded, and so on. It is not necessary to know so much for this compared to issues of manipulating the Unicode text correctly, so we first describe just the "keeping your data encoded correctly" part.
	+
	+	If writing UTF8-clean script, you should be aware of data encoding every time data enters or leaves your program - through a filehandle, argument, environment variable, or a CPAN module you have no control about! Due to the amount of legacy code, you just have to //think// about this, there's no workaround. Below, we outline a recipe for sane Unicode defaults at most program edges, but especially when calling other code, you will still need to make decisions (and workarounds).
	+
	+	We assume Perl v5.14, though v5.10+ should be mostly sane already.
	+
	+	==== Common Basics ====
	+
	+	* Source code (literals etc.): <code perl>use utf8;</code>
	+	* Emit a warning when encoding of your data implicitly changes in a dubious way: <code perl>use encoding::warnings;</code>
	+	* When data has been read earlier in binary and you want to promote it to UTF8 data, always decode it manually (you might need to do this a lot with data coming from CPAN modules): <code perl>use Encode; $data = Encode::decode('UTF-8', $data, Encode::FB_CROAK);</code> (compared to ''Encode::decode_utf8'', here data will be also checked for correct encoding) (''Encode::FB_CROAK'' will fail hard in case of encoding error)
	+	* Main edge - @ARGV and STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR (if you are sure you are not looking at binary data): <code>#!/usr/bin/perl -CSA</code> (this will apply to all code, not just your script)
	+	* DATA filehandle (lines in script file after ''%%__END__%%''): <code perl>binmode(DATA, ":encoding(UTF-8)");</code>
	+
	+	==== Other Filehandles ====
	+
	+	There are two ways - defaulting that all filehandles are UTF-8 text...
	+
	+	* You could extend the ''-CSA'' earlier to ''-CDSA'', but this will affect all code including CPAN modules, something you do not want most of the time.
	+	* Much better it to set this as default only in local lexical scope: <code perl>use open qw(:encoding(UTF-8));</code> (you can also replace ''-CSA'' with ''-CA'' and add '':std'' to the open pragma to lexically restrict UTF8 mode on stdio filehandles)
	+	* To open a file in binary mode: <code perl>open(my $binfh, 'file.bin'); binmode $binfh;</code> (this is a good practice to always do anyway; it will not make a difference just for UTF-8 but also on Windows etc.)
	+
	+	...or manually marking filehandles that are UTF-8 text:
	+
	+	* <code perl>open(my $fh, '<:encoding(UTF-8)', 'filename');</code> (Sometimes, you see '':utf8'' instead; that just declares the data is utf8 while '':encoding()'' also checks if it is properly encoded.)
	+
	+	==== Non-core Perl ====
	+
	+	* MySQL: <code perl>DBI->connect(..., {RaiseError => 1, mysql_enable_utf8 => 1}); do(SET NAMES 'utf8');</code> (Of course ''RaiseError'' is somewhat unrelated - but you want it.)
	+	* PostgreSQL: <code perl>DBI->connect("dbi:Pg:dbname=...", '', '', {AutoCommit => 1, RaiseError => 1, pg_enable_utf8 => 1});</code>
	+	* CGI.pm output: <code perl>header(-charset => 'utf8');</code> or equivalent
	+	* CGI.pm input: <code perl>use CGI qw(-utf8);</code> will make all query parameters utf8, but this will interfere with binary file uploads; alternatively, you need to manually ''Encode::decode'' all text ''param()'' calls. You may want to write a simple param_utf8() wrapper.
	+
	+	===== Processing Unicode text well =====
	+
	+	This is waaay more complex. Terribly so. TODO, see below for some resources.
	+
	+	===== Resources =====
	+
	+	Useful starting point: [[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6162484/why-does-modern-perl-avoid-utf-8-by-default]] tchrist's reply
	+
	+	[[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3735721/checklist-for-going-the-unicode-way-with-perl?rq=1]]
	+
	+	CPAN utf8::all
	+
	+	===== General Modern Perl notes =====
	+
	+	Always start your code with
	+	<code perl>
	+	use strict;
	+	use warnings;
	+	use autodie;
	+	</code>

SSHFP (fingerprint) DNS record generator

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2014-09-17T09:39:10+00:00

1340573130	current
Line 1:	Line 1:
	+	===== SSHFP (fingerprint) DNS record generator =====

	+	<code bash sshfp.sh>
	+	#!/bin/bash
	+	# ruza <ruza@ruza.eu>
	+	# May 2012
	+	# generates sshfp for Bind
	+
	+	PLATFORM="$(/bin/uname)"
	+
	+	case ${PLATFORM} in
	+	AIX)
	+	FQDN="$(hostname)"
	+	DOMAIN="$(namerslv -s \| grep domain \| awk '{ print $2 }')"
	+	FQDN="${FQDN}.${DOMAIN}"
	+	;;
	+	Linux)
	+	FQDN="$(hostname -f)"
	+	;;
	+	esac
	+
	+	# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4255 (SSHFP)
	+	# https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-os-ietf-sshfp-ecdsa-sha2-07
	+
	+	cipher[1]='rsa'
	+	cipher[2]='dsa'
	+	cipher[3]='ecdsa'
	+
	+	hashalg[1]='sha1'
	+	hashalg[2]='sha256'
	+
	+	cd /etc/ssh/
	+
	+	for (( i_hash = 1 ; i_hash <= ${#hashalg[@]} ; i_hash++ ));do
	+	for (( i_ciph = 1 ; i_ciph <= ${#cipher[@]} ; i_ciph++ ));do
	+
	+	# no sshd host key of this type, skip it
	+	test -f ssh_host_${cipher[$i_ciph]}_key.pub \|\| continue
	+
	+	# dns comment line
	+	echo "; ${cipher[$i_ciph]} key hashed by ${hashalg[$i_hash]}"
	+	# generates hash
	+	HASH="$(awk '{print $2}' ssh_host_${cipher[$i_ciph]}_key.pub \| openssl base64 -d -A \| openssl ${hashalg[$i_hash]}\|awk '{print $2}')"
	+	# sshfp line format
	+	echo "${FQDN}. IN SSHFP ${i_ciph} ${i_hash} ${HASH}"
	+	done
	+	done
	+
	+	cd - 1>/dev/null
	+	</code>

Knowledge Base

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2017-04-01T05:00:24+00:00

1355224706		current
Line 15:		Line 15:
	Security		Security
	* [[kb:sshfp.sh]]		* [[kb:sshfp.sh]]
		+
		+	Other thoughts
		+	{{topic>kb}}
		+	If your site is missing in this list simply add following code to your page:
		+
		+	{{tag>kb}}
		+

	See also our [[kb:links:start\|link collection]].		See also our [[kb:links:start\|link collection]].

	If you are a member, you can find some extras (mainly link to non-public resources) at [[members:kb:start\|members knowledge base]].		If you are a member, you can find some extras (mainly link to non-public resources) at [[members:kb:start\|members knowledge base]].

1351614359	current
Line 1:	Line 1:
	+	====== ARM Powered Guide ======

	+	Gather information and document various (advanced) ARM-based development platforms.
	+
	+	~~CL~~
	+
	+	===== Comparison Table =====
	+
	+	{{ :project:armpowered.png?160}}
	+
	+	^ - ^ BeagleBone ^ BeagleBoard\\ (orig/xM) ^ PandaBoard\\ (orig/ES) ^ Raspberry Pi\\ (model A/B) ^ CubieBoard ^ A13-OLinuXino ^
	+	^ CPU (platform) \| ARM Cortex-A8 \| ARM Cortex-A8 \| ARM Cortex-A8 \| ARM1176JZF-S \| ARM Cortex-A8 \| ARM Cortex-A8 \|
	+	^ CPU (model) \| TI AM335x \| OMAP3530 \| OMAP4430 (orig)\\ OMAP4460 (ES) \| BCM2835 \| Allwinner A10 \| Allwinner A13 \|
	+	^ CPU (MHz) \| 500 (on USB)\\ 720 (adapter) \| 600 (orig)\\ 1000 (xM) \| 1000 (orig)\\ 1200 (ES) \| 700\\ 1000 (clocked) \| 1000 \| 1000 \|
	+	^ Graphics \| - \| PowerVR SGX \| PowerVR SGX540 \| Broadcom VideoCore IV \| Mali 400 \| Mali 400 \|
	+	^ RAM (MB) \| 256 \| 512 \| 1024 \| 256/512 \| 1024 \| 512 \|
	+	^ Ethernet \| yes \| yes \| yes \| no (A)\\ yes (B) \| yes \| no \|
	+	^ Audio out \| no \| jack \| jack, HDMI \| jack, HDMI \| jack, HDMI \| jack \|
	+	^ Audio in \| no \| jack \| jack \| no \| jack \| jack \|
	+	^ Video \| no \| S-Video, HDMI \| HDMI \| RCA, HDMI \| HDMI \| VGA \|
	+	^ USB \| yes \| yes \| yes \| yes \| yes \| yes \|
	+	^ SD card \| microSD \| microSD \| SD \| SD \| microSD \| microSD \|
	+	^ Flash \| no \| no \| no \| no \| 4 GB \| no \|
	+	^ SATA \| no \| no \| no \| no \| yes \| no \|
	+	^ Wireless \| no \| no \| yes \| no \| no \| optional \|
	+	^ Bluetooth \| no \| no \| yes \| no \| no \| no \|
	+	^ ADC \| 7 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| yes \| ? \|
	+	^ CAN \| 2 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| ? \| ? \|
	+	^ GPIO \| 66 \| ? \| ? \| 8 \| 96 \| 20+4 \|
	+	^ I2C \| 2 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| yes \| 3 \|
	+	^ PWM \| 8 \| ? \| ? \| 0 \| ? \| ? \|
	+	^ SPI \| 2 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| yes \| ? \|
	+	^ UART \| 5 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| yes \| 2 \|
	+	^ Price ($) \| 89 \| 149 \| 179 \| 25 (A)\\ 35 (B) \| 49 \| 59 \|
	+	===== Cubieboard =====
	+
	+	* [[http://cubieboard.org/]]
	+	* [[http://linux-sunxi.org/Cubieboard]]
	+
	+	{{:kb:cubieboard.jpg?600}}
	+
	+	===== Raspberry Pi =====
	+
	+	* [[http://raspberrypi.org]]
	+
	+	{{:project:rpi-scheme.png}} {{:project:gpios.png}}
	+
	+	{{:project:raspberry_pi.jpg?600}}
	+
	+	===== Beaglebone =====
	+
	+	* [[http://beagleboard.org/bone]]
	+
	+	{{:project:beaglebone_block.jpg?600}}
	+
	+	{{:project:beaglebonep8.png?300}} {{:project:beaglebonep9.png?300}}
	+
	+	===== Beagleboard / Pandaboard =====
	+
	+	* [[http://beagleboard.org/]]
	+	* [[http://pandaboard.org/]]
	+
	+	{{:project:beagleboard_schematic.png?600}}
	+
	+	{{:project:4460_panda.png?600}}
	+
	+	{{:project:pandaboard4460_block_diagram.jpg?600}}
	+
	+	^ PIN ^ Beagleboard ^ Pandaboard ^
	+	^ 1 \| 1V8 \| 1V8 \|
	+	^ 2 \| 5V \| 5V \|
	+	^ 3 \| MMC2_DAT7 \| MMC2_DAT7 \|
	+	^ 4 \| MCBSP3_DX \| MCSPI1_CS3 \|
	+	^ 5 \| MMC2_DAT6 \| MMC2_DAT6 \|
	+	^ 6 \| UART2_TX \| UART4_TX \|
	+	^ 7 \| MMC2_DAT5 \| MMC2_DAT5 \|
	+	^ 8 \| UART2_RX \| UART4_RX \|
	+	^ 9 \| MMC2_DAT4 \| MMC2_DAT4 \|
	+	^ 10 \| MCBSP3_DR \| MCSPI1_CS1 \|
	+	^ 11 \| MMC2_DAT3 \| MMC2_DAT3 \|
	+	^ 12 \| MCSPI4_SIMO \| MCSPI1_SIMO \|
	+	^ 13 \| MMC2_DAT2 \| MMC2_DAT2 \|
	+	^ 14 \| MCBSP1_CLKX \| MCSPI1_CS2 \|
	+	^ 15 \| MMC2_DAT1 \| MMC2_DAT1 \|
	+	^ 16 \| MCSPI4_CS0 \| MCSPI1_CS0 \|
	+	^ 17 \| MMC2_DAT0 \| MMC2_DAT0 \|
	+	^ 18 \| MCSPI4_SOMI \| MCSPI1_SOMI \|
	+	^ 19 \| MMC2_CMD \| MMC2_CMD \|
	+	^ 20 \| MCSPI4_SCLK \| MCSPI1_SCLK \|
	+	^ 21 \| MMC2_CLK0 \| MMC2_CLK0 \|
	+	^ 22 \| MCBSP1_FSR \| GPMC_AD15 \|
	+	^ 23 \| I2C2_SDA \| I2C4_SDA \|
	+	^ 24 \| I2C2_SCL \| I2C4_SCL \|
	+	^ 25 \| REGEN \| REGEN \|
	+	^ 26 \| nRESET \| nRESET \|
	+	^ 27 \| GND \| GND \|
	+	^ 28 \| GND \| GND \|
	+
	+	===== A13-OLinuXino =====
	+
	+	* http://linux-sunxi.org/A13-OLinuXino
	+	* https://www.olimex.com/Products/OLinuXino/A13/A13-OLinuXino/
	+
	+	{{:kb:a13-olinuxino-rev-a-front.jpg?600}}
	+
	+	{{:kb:a13-olinuxino-brd.png?600}}
	+
	+	===== A10-OLinuXino =====
	+
	+	* http://linux-sunxi.org/A10-OLinuXino
	+	* https://www.olimex.com/Products/OLinuXino/A13/A13-OLinuXino/
	+
	+	{{:kb:a10-olinuxino-brd.png?600}}